Effect of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth in Developing Countries, Particular in Uzbekistan
Keywords:
Gender inequality, economic growth, education, women empowerment, finance
Abstract
The paper shows the impact of gender inequality on economic growth in developing countries, particular in Uzbekistan. It shows how the inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export. The study supports the hypothesis empirically analysing that gender-friendly policies can help countries diversify their countries. The low-income and developing countries policies should take measures against inequality, which can fruitfully increase the economy as well as the opportunity for talented and skilled women to develop and bring their knowledge in IT and another Innovative field.
References
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13. Knowles, Stephen, Paula Lorgelly, and Dorian Owen. 2002. ‘‘Are Educational Gender Gaps a Brake on Economic Development? Some Cross-Country Empirical Evidence.’’ Oxford Economic Papers 54(1): 118–49; Seguino, Stephanie. 2000a. ‘‘Accounting for Gender in Asian Economic Growth.’’ Feminist Economics 6(3): 27–58.
14. Cuberes, David, and Marc Teignier. 2012. Gender Gaps in the Labor Market and Aggregate Productivity. Sheffield Economic Research Paper SERP 2012017. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.
15. Roshin S.Y. Report “Gender equality and expansion rights and opportunities of women in Russia in the context of millennium development goals "(1-8, 10th paragraphs)
16. Galor, Oded, and David N. Weil. 1996. The Gender Gap, Fertility, and Growth. American Economic Review 85: 374–87.
17. Klasen, Stephan, and Francesca Lamanna. 2009. The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries. Feminist Economics 15: 91–132.
18. Knowles, Stephen, Paula K. Lorgelly, and P. Dorian Owen. 2002. Are Educational Gender Gaps a Brake on Economic Development? Some Cross-country Empirical Evidence. Oxford Economic Papers 54: 118–49.
19. Olson, Mancur, Naveen Sarna, and Anand Swamy. Forthcoming. «Governance and Growth: A Simple Hypothesis explaining Crosscountry Differences in Productivity Growth». Public Choice.Nua Internet Surveys. 2018. http://www.nua.ie/surveys/
20. PaulMajumdar, Pratima, and Anwara Begum. 2010. «The Gender Imbalances in Export Oriented Industries: A Case of the Ready Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh». Background paper (основные исследования) for Engendering Development. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
21. Quisumbing, Agnes R., Lawrence Haddad, and Christine L. Pena. 2018. «Are Women Overrepresented Among the Poor? Poverty Measures and Dominance Analysis for Ten Developing Countries». International Food Policy Research Insititute, Washington, D.C.
22. Sahn, David, and Lawrence Haddad. 2018. «The Gendered Impacts of Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa: Discussion». American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73 (5): 1448–51.
23. Saito, Katrine A., and Daphne Spurling. 2019. Developing Agricultural Extension for Women Farmers. World Bank Discussion Paper 156. Washington, D.C.
24. Thomas, Duncan, Robert F. Schoeni, and John Strauss. 2016. «Parental Investments in Schooling: The Roles of Gender and Resources in Urban Brazil». Working Paper Series, Labour and Population Program 96–02. RAND, Santa Monica, California.
25. Todd, Petra, Jere R. Behrman, and Yingmei Cheng. 2018. «Evaluating Preschool Programs When Length of Exposure to the Program Varies: A Nonparametric Approach». Department of Economics and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
2. Cavalcanti, T.; Tavares, J. The Output Costs of Gender Discrimination: A Model-Based Macroeconomic Estimate; Discussion Paper No. 6477; Centre for Economic Policy Research: London, UK, 2007.
3. Klasen, S. Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All? Cross-Country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development. World Bank Econ. Rev. 2002, 16, 345–373.
4. Newman, Constance. 2010. «Gender, Time Use, and Change: Impacts of Agricultural Export Employment in Ecuador». World Bank, Development Research Group, Washington, D.C.
5. Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany. Gender Equality in German Development Policy; BMZ Strategy Paper No. 2; Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany: Bonn, Germany, 2014.
6. Schultz, T.P. Human Capital, Family Planning, and their Effects on Population Growth. Am. Econ. Rev. 1994, 84, 255–260; Rahman, R.I.; Islam, R. Female Labour Force Participation in Bangladesh: Trends, Drivers and Barriers; ILOAsia-Pacific Working Paper Series No. 14–15; International Labour Organization, DWT for South Asia and Country Office for India: New Delhi, India, 2013.
7. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About guarantees to equal rights and opportunities for women and men, adopted by the Legislative Chamber on August 17, 2019; approved by the Senate on August 23, 2019 https://lex.uz/docs/5167654
8. World Bank's Women, Business and the Law 2020, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31327/WBL2019.pdf
9. Interparliamentary Union. 2012. Women in National Parliaments. Data for 2012; http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm
10. Licumba, E.A.; Dzator, J.; Zhang, J.X. Gender Equality in Education and Economic Growth in Selected Southern African Countries. In Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Business and Social Sciences,Sydney, Australia, 13–14 April 2015.
11. Klasen, Stephan. 1999. Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from Cross-Country Regressions. World Bank Policy Research Report Background Paper No. 7. Washington, DC:World Bank.
12. Dollar, David, and Roberta Gatti. 1999. Gender Inequality, Income, and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women?Washington, DC: The World Bank Development Research Group, vol. 1.
13. Knowles, Stephen, Paula Lorgelly, and Dorian Owen. 2002. ‘‘Are Educational Gender Gaps a Brake on Economic Development? Some Cross-Country Empirical Evidence.’’ Oxford Economic Papers 54(1): 118–49; Seguino, Stephanie. 2000a. ‘‘Accounting for Gender in Asian Economic Growth.’’ Feminist Economics 6(3): 27–58.
14. Cuberes, David, and Marc Teignier. 2012. Gender Gaps in the Labor Market and Aggregate Productivity. Sheffield Economic Research Paper SERP 2012017. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.
15. Roshin S.Y. Report “Gender equality and expansion rights and opportunities of women in Russia in the context of millennium development goals "(1-8, 10th paragraphs)
16. Galor, Oded, and David N. Weil. 1996. The Gender Gap, Fertility, and Growth. American Economic Review 85: 374–87.
17. Klasen, Stephan, and Francesca Lamanna. 2009. The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries. Feminist Economics 15: 91–132.
18. Knowles, Stephen, Paula K. Lorgelly, and P. Dorian Owen. 2002. Are Educational Gender Gaps a Brake on Economic Development? Some Cross-country Empirical Evidence. Oxford Economic Papers 54: 118–49.
19. Olson, Mancur, Naveen Sarna, and Anand Swamy. Forthcoming. «Governance and Growth: A Simple Hypothesis explaining Crosscountry Differences in Productivity Growth». Public Choice.Nua Internet Surveys. 2018. http://www.nua.ie/surveys/
20. PaulMajumdar, Pratima, and Anwara Begum. 2010. «The Gender Imbalances in Export Oriented Industries: A Case of the Ready Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh». Background paper (основные исследования) for Engendering Development. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
21. Quisumbing, Agnes R., Lawrence Haddad, and Christine L. Pena. 2018. «Are Women Overrepresented Among the Poor? Poverty Measures and Dominance Analysis for Ten Developing Countries». International Food Policy Research Insititute, Washington, D.C.
22. Sahn, David, and Lawrence Haddad. 2018. «The Gendered Impacts of Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa: Discussion». American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73 (5): 1448–51.
23. Saito, Katrine A., and Daphne Spurling. 2019. Developing Agricultural Extension for Women Farmers. World Bank Discussion Paper 156. Washington, D.C.
24. Thomas, Duncan, Robert F. Schoeni, and John Strauss. 2016. «Parental Investments in Schooling: The Roles of Gender and Resources in Urban Brazil». Working Paper Series, Labour and Population Program 96–02. RAND, Santa Monica, California.
25. Todd, Petra, Jere R. Behrman, and Yingmei Cheng. 2018. «Evaluating Preschool Programs When Length of Exposure to the Program Varies: A Nonparametric Approach». Department of Economics and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Published
2021-12-25
How to Cite
Musaeva, G. (2021). Effect of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth in Developing Countries, Particular in Uzbekistan. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 2(12), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.47494/cajitmf.v2i12.184
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 Guzal Musaeva
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