ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EFFECTS OF THE EXTERNAL DEBT PROBLEM: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF JORDAN AND IRAQ
Keywords:
Bank, effectiveness, effectiveness of commercial banks, evaluation of the effectiveness, financial indicators of banks
Abstract
The current research aims to clarify the economic and financial effects of the problem of external indebtedness, which is one of the important problems in our century, and the researcher identified a study of the experiences of the countries of Jordan and Iraq, to come up with a set of recommendations that contribute to solving this problem, and based on the importance of the topic of research for the Iraqi state was The use of some financial data that was obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Finance.
References
[1] Hossam Ali Daoud and others, The Economics of Foreign Trade, Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, first edition, Amman, 2002.
[2] Ali Abdel Fattah Abu Sharara, International Economics (Theories and Policies), Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, third edition, Amman, 2013.
[3] The interview, Ali Hussein: The effect of indebtedness on the phenomenon of capital flight, “An Applied Study on Jordan,” King Saud University Journal, Volume Five, Administrative Sciences (1) (1993)
[4] Abdul Karim Jaber Al-Issawi, International Finance (modern entrance), Dar Safaa for Publishing and Distribution, first edition, Amman, 2002.
[5] Al-Momani, Riyadh, “Jordanian foreign debt: its causes and economic consequences,” King Saud University Journal, Administrative Sciences (2), Volume VII, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1995).
[6] Prof. Dr. Nabil Jaafar Abdul-Ridha Lamarsoumi / University of Basra / College of Administration and Economics / Nabilj-2006@yahoo.com
[7] Arezki, R., & Brückner, M. (2012). Commodity windfalls, democracy and external debt. The Economic Journal, 122(561), 848-866.
[8] Era.MI.SR2008.
[9] K.criffin, Forgen capital domestic, saving and economic development,1994
[10] Karagol, E. (2012). The causality analysis of external debt service and GNP: The case of Turkey. Central Bank Review, 2(1), 39-64.
[11] Medani Mohamed Ahmed .External debts. growth and peace in the Sudan,(some serious challenges facing the country)in the post-conflict
[12] Ogunmuyiwa, M. S. (2011). Does external debt promote economic growth in Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 3(1), 29-35.
[13] Poirson, M. H., Ricci, M. L. A., & Pattillo, M. C. A. (2004). What are the channels through which external debt affects growth? (No. 4-15). International Monetary Fund.
[14] Shahbaz, M., Shabbir, M. S., & Butt, M. S. (2016). Does military spending explode external debt in Pakistan?. Defence and Peace Economics, 27(5), 718-741.
[15] UN , population fund , the state of world population , Now york ,1992.
[16] UN, Dep of public information rhe debt , 1989
[17] Wald Bank ,world tables , 1992-1993.
[18] Wionczek, M. S., & Tomassini, L. (2019). Politics and economics of external debt crisis: the Latin American experience. Routledge.
[2] Ali Abdel Fattah Abu Sharara, International Economics (Theories and Policies), Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, third edition, Amman, 2013.
[3] The interview, Ali Hussein: The effect of indebtedness on the phenomenon of capital flight, “An Applied Study on Jordan,” King Saud University Journal, Volume Five, Administrative Sciences (1) (1993)
[4] Abdul Karim Jaber Al-Issawi, International Finance (modern entrance), Dar Safaa for Publishing and Distribution, first edition, Amman, 2002.
[5] Al-Momani, Riyadh, “Jordanian foreign debt: its causes and economic consequences,” King Saud University Journal, Administrative Sciences (2), Volume VII, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1995).
[6] Prof. Dr. Nabil Jaafar Abdul-Ridha Lamarsoumi / University of Basra / College of Administration and Economics / Nabilj-2006@yahoo.com
[7] Arezki, R., & Brückner, M. (2012). Commodity windfalls, democracy and external debt. The Economic Journal, 122(561), 848-866.
[8] Era.MI.SR2008.
[9] K.criffin, Forgen capital domestic, saving and economic development,1994
[10] Karagol, E. (2012). The causality analysis of external debt service and GNP: The case of Turkey. Central Bank Review, 2(1), 39-64.
[11] Medani Mohamed Ahmed .External debts. growth and peace in the Sudan,(some serious challenges facing the country)in the post-conflict
[12] Ogunmuyiwa, M. S. (2011). Does external debt promote economic growth in Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 3(1), 29-35.
[13] Poirson, M. H., Ricci, M. L. A., & Pattillo, M. C. A. (2004). What are the channels through which external debt affects growth? (No. 4-15). International Monetary Fund.
[14] Shahbaz, M., Shabbir, M. S., & Butt, M. S. (2016). Does military spending explode external debt in Pakistan?. Defence and Peace Economics, 27(5), 718-741.
[15] UN , population fund , the state of world population , Now york ,1992.
[16] UN, Dep of public information rhe debt , 1989
[17] Wald Bank ,world tables , 1992-1993.
[18] Wionczek, M. S., & Tomassini, L. (2019). Politics and economics of external debt crisis: the Latin American experience. Routledge.
Published
2021-06-12
How to Cite
Inam Abbas Hamidi. (2021). ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EFFECTS OF THE EXTERNAL DEBT PROBLEM: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF JORDAN AND IRAQ. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 2(6), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.47494/cajitmf.v2i6.122
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